En lutte biologique en serre, l’utilisation des sachets à libération lente d’acariens prédateurs que l’on accroche sur les végétaux est de plus en plus répandue en production horticole ornementale. Un des objectifs de ce projet était d’évaluer le taux de libération de 2 types d’acariens prédateurs provenant de sachets à libération lente. Un deuxième objectif consistait à évaluer l’efficacité de deux méthodes de décompte des prédateurs sortant des sachets. Le taux de libération des acariens prédateurs fournira aux producteurs une façon d’évaluer la qualité du contenu du sachet tandis que la méthode de décompte la plus efficace leur permettra de savoir si les sachets performent comme prévu.
L’humidité relative élevée dans les serres peut causer une augmentation de la consommation énergétique (déshumidification par ventilation naturelle ou forcée) ainsi que des problèmes fongiques comme le botrytis (tomate, basilic, ornemental) et le mildiou (basilic, impatiens), ce qui cause une utilisation accrue des fongicides et des pertes de production chez les producteurs. Une évaluation du potentiel d’utilisation de la technologie VLHC (Ventilate Latent Heat Converter) de la compagnie AGAM pour déshumidifier les serres a donc été réalisée. Aussi pour informer le secteur des enjeux reliés à la gestion de l’humidité et des défis rencontrés lors de l’expérimentation, la création d’un outil de réflexion sur ce thème a été réalisé. Le but de celui-ci est de présenter les questionnements et les actions pour régler les problèmes engendrés par une gestion déficiente de l’humidité.
A comprehensive survey of plant pathogen populations (measured by DNA Multiscans) in irrigation water leachate and/or runoff from the range of Ontario flower and vegetable greenhouses and container nurseries was conducted to help assess the level of risk involved in operations switching to recirculating systems. The ability of several bioremediation technologies to remove plant pathogens from recycled irrigation water (e.g. constructed wetlands, woodchip biofilters) was evaluated as well as the effectiveness of current plant pathogen disinfection systems.
A biweekly sampling program to determine the water quality of greenhouse process water (feed, leach and collection pond water) was conducted at 7 vegetable and 8 flower greenhouse operations. As well, a water use and management paper survey across a wider range of operations was conducted to determine the quantity of water being used for irrigation and the degree to which unused irrigation water (leach) is being captured and reused, and issues surrounding water use/reuse management. A total of 9 vegetable growers completed surveys (3 tomato, 2 cucumber, 3 pepper, and 1 tomato and pepper operations), and 27 flower operators were surveyed, with approximately even representation from the five major production categories (cut recirculating, cut open, potted plant recirculating, potted plant open, and cut flowers grown in soil).
Five technologies were evaluated for their effectiveness at removing nutrients, non-nutrient components, and plant pathogens from irrigation runoff or leachate: a full scale constructed wetland system recently installed at a container nursery, and four pilot scale systems constructed at flower greenhouse: two denitrification woodchip bioreactors combined with phosphorus removal units, Phytolinks™ (floating wetlands), IrrigroTM irrigation system, and an engineered hollow fibre filter system (Zeeweed)Evaluation of innovative water treatment technologies for reuse of nutrient solutions in the horticulture industry
An in-field evaluation of the ability of 12 established denitrification woodchip bioreactors and constructed wetlands to remove plant pathogens and/or human enteric pathogen indicator organisms from horticultural and agricultural wastewaters and runoff was conducted. Removal effectiveness was correlated with parameters affecting performance (e.g. media, residence time, temperature, oxygen, pH, depth). The information supports the design of on-site systems that will consistently remove plant and enteric pathogens as well as nutrients from agricultural runoff and wastewaters in order to facilitate its reuse and/or protect surface and ground water resources from contamination
The project objectives were to demonstrate the principles of collection, treatment, and reuse of irrigation runoff water in the greenhouse horticulture industry and develop and draft a. Existing treatment systems were monitored at three sites and new systems were installed and monitored at the seven sites. Irrigation water runoff and water at interim stages of each treatment system were monitored to determine their effectiveness. A Greenhouse and Container Nursery Water and Nutrient Management BMP document was drafted which formed the basis of the three individual OMAFRA BMP and self-assessment guides for greenhouse vegetable, container nursery, and greenhouse floriculture production.
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