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To ensure better management of water resources and reduce the impact on the environment, it is essential to move toward precision irrigation. A new generation of wireless tensiometer that measures the water available to the plant and allows precise irrigation control has been evaluated. For improved efficiency, the best clustering practices based on the water needs of diverse species have been established. Evaluation of the best irrigation strategies in a commercial setting have demonstrated that water use can be reduced while maintaining an optimal growth. Recommendations have been made for improved water management practices in plant nurseries with the potential to help growers across the country.
“This research project evaluates the use of different types of turfgrass fertilizers and their impacts on nutrient runoff and leaching. The project compares nutrient losses from turfgrass fertilized with natural, synthetic and compost fertilizer sources to unfertilized turfgrass, as well as measuring the impact of cultural practices like aeration, clipping recycling, and overseeding.
The project compared the effect of five different maintenance programs, based on real-life situations, on: turfgrass quality, nutrient losses through runoff and leaching, soil moisture and temperature, and soil fertility level.”
Regardless of the irrigation system used in greenhouse floricultural operations, nutrient delivery should be optimized so that a lower level of fertilizer is used over the crop cycle, thereby minimizing fertilizer costs and environmental impacts. This novel and innovative approach calls for a constant lower level of nutrients to be delivered during vegetative growth only, and this lower level was optimized so that reproductive growth was primarily sustained by the mobilization of previously-acquired nutrients, rather than current supply from the root system.
Excess fertilization is not only costly but can also injure plants and cause unnecessary nutrient runoff, resulting in environmental damage. However, insufficient fertilization can result in plants showing symptoms of nutrient deficiencies, reduce crop productivity, and eventually reduce the efficiency of other resource inputs during nursery crop production.
Evaluation of a modified version of the CropAssist system developed for greenhouse tomatoes on other ornamental plants. Two greenhouse species and two nursery species, each of which differed in daily water requirements, were monitored for periods of up to 30 consecutive days. Results indicated that the CropAssist system effectively measured water uptake automatically and continuously.
Water application technologies were examined and a thorough literature review which identified some promising irrigation technologies for ornamental nursery plant production purposes. One technology in particular, a sensor-based automated irrigation system, was evaluated in a commercial nursery for pot-in-pot tree production and demonstrated that growers could cut their water usage by more than 50%.
A literature review was conducted and interviews with growers and water treatment companies to assemble information on available technologies. An interactive website will provide growers with an on-line decision process for choosing appropriate technology for their own operation.
Les quantités d’eau et d’engrais perdus lors des irrigations par aspersion peuvent être significatives ce qui est préoccupant pour le risque de contamination de l’eau de surface et souterraine. En pépinières ornementales au Québec, l’irrigation par aspersion demeure la plus utilisée, mais l’utilisation d’engrais à libération contrôlée est une pratique largement répandue. Ces deux pratiques ont été étudiées en interaction pour identifier la combinaison qui permettrait de réduire le plus significativement les pertes d’eau et d’engrais. Contrairement à ce qui est présenté dans la littérature sous les conditions de réalisation de ce projet, l’irrigation séquentielle n’a pas eu l’effet de réduire significativement les pertes d’eau et d’éléments minéraux. Les pertes de nitrates par lessivage ont été significativement plus élevées lorsque l’engrais à libération contrôlée était incorporé au substrat comparativement à l’application en surface. Le résultat le plus intéressant à considérer est que la majorité des nitrates sont lessivés dans les 10 premières semaines ou moins après l’empotage.
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